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Jasper
This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see Jasper (disambiguation).
"Jaspis" redirects here. For the genus of sea sponges, see Ancorinidae.
Chalcedony variety colored by iron oxide
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranularquartz and/or cryptocrystallinechalcedony and other mineral phases,[1][2] is an opaque,[3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue.
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The common red color is due to iron(III)inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a gemstone. It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases, seals, and snuff boxes. The density of jasper is typically to g/cm3.[4]Jaspillite is a banded-iron-formation rock that often has distinctive bands of jasper.
Etymology and history
The name means "spotted or speckled stone," and is derived via Old Frenchjaspre (variant of Anglo-Normanjaspe) and Latiniaspidem (n